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1.
Fruit photosynthesis 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
Abstract. In addition to photosynthesis as in the leaf, fruit possess a system which refixes CO2 from the mitochondrial respiration of predominantly imported carbon. This pathway produces malate by the action of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PEPC, (E.C. 4.1.1.31) and appears to be regulated primarily by the cytosolic concentration of HCO3/CO2 and malate. Malate is stored in the vacuole as malic acid, constituting a major carbon pool and a potential substrate for respiration. The PEPC in apple fruit proves to be an efficient form of the enzyme with low Michaelis constants, i.e. Km = 0.09 mol m-3 PEP and 0.2 mol m–3 HCO3, and large Ki= 110 mol m-3 HCO3. In fleshy fruit, chlorophyll and chloroplasts are unevenly distributed; they resemble the C3 sun-type and arc concentrated in the perivascular tissue, with smaller chloroplasts, fewer grana per chloroplast and a larger degree of vacuolation than commonly found in a leaf of the same species. Fruit photosynthesis often compensates for respiratory CO2 loss in the light. However, due to respiration in the dark, CO2 loss is in excess of photosynthetic gain in the light, such that a continual loss of CO2 was observed in the diurnal cycle and which is maintained throughout fruit development. The rate of CO2 exchange decreases on a fresh weight or surface basis, but increases with fruit ontogeny on a per fruit basis, causing accumulation of several percent CO2 in the internal cavity. Stomata are present in the outer epidermis of those fruits examined, but with a 10-to 100-fold lesser frequency than in the abaxial epidermis of leaf of the same species. The number of Stomata is set at anthesis and remained constant, while the stomatal frequency decreases as the fruit surface expands. Stomata are as sensitive as in leaves in the early stages of fruit development, but often are transformed into lenticels during fruit ontogeny, thereby decreasing the permeability of the outer epidermis. The discrepancy between the CO2-concentrating mechanism provided by PEPC analogous to C4/CAM Photosynthesis and the kinetics of fruit PEPC, characteristic of C3/non-autotrophic tissue, suggests the definition of a new type of ‘fruit photosynthesis’ rather than its categorization within an existing type. 相似文献
2.
在pH7.5条件下,用NBS对PEP羧化酶中色氨酸残基进行共价修饰表明,PEP羧化酶中48个色氨酸残基均能被NBS修饰。用邹承鲁图解法求得,其中4个残基为酶表现催化活性所必需的。 PEP羧化酶的变构效应剂G6P、Gly及Mal分别与酶预保温后,再经NBS修饰,前两种处理中,同样浓度的NBS所用修饰的色氨酸残基数和处理后的残存酶活与对照相比有很大的差异,而用Mal处理的,两者与对照相差无几。 相似文献
3.
马齿苋叶片PEPCase由四个相同的亚基组成,亚基分子量为83kD。远紫外CD光谱分析表明,此酶含有36.6%α—螺旋结构。马齿苋叶片PEPCase可被G6P激活,但不能被Gly、Ser激活。G6P可防止酶的尿素变性和枯草杆菌蛋白酶的作用。这种保护效应与G6P诱导的酶构象变化有关。 从酶对低温、高温及尿素的反应来看,马齿苋叶片PEPCase的稳定性高于高粱叶片PEP—Case,两者的免疫特性和电泳特性亦不同。 相似文献
4.
A bioluminescent assay for the determination of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in nanogram-sized tissue samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Monika Wimmer 《Analytical biochemistry》1988,170(2):376-381
A highly specific and sensitive assay for the determination of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in nanogram-sized tissue samples is described. This test system is based on the stoichiometric transformation of phosphoenolpyruvate into ATP. In a subsequent step ATP is quantified by bioluminescent techniques. The applicability of this assay system is shown by measurements in liver samples with normal and high PEPCK activity levels. 相似文献
5.
Effect of prolactin and glucocorticoids on P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in liver and mammary gland from diabetic and lactating rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
María F. Lobato Mertxe Careche Manuel Ros Francisco J. Moreno Josefa P. García-Ruíz 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1985,67(1):19-23
Summary The administration of 2 bromo--ergocryptine, to reduce serum prolactin decreased the activity of cytosolic P-enolpyruvatc carboxykinase (GTP) (EC4.1.1.32) about 50% in both liver and mammary gland of lactating animals. Adrenalectomy had similar effects to those of bromo-a-ergocryptine. In contrast, there was a 50% increase in enzyme activity in the mammary gland of diabetic, lactating rats and a 10-fold increase in liver as compared with normal rats. P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in mammary gland as liver is coordinately regulated by prolactin, glucocorticoids and insulin. 相似文献
6.
7.
Denis Tagu Catherine Bergounioux Claudette Perennes Pierre Gadal 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1990,21(3):259-266
In previous work, transformedPetunia hybrida plants were obtained by direct gene transfer, using two different genes on separate plasmids (NPT II gene and a cDNA of PEPC from green sorghum leaves). In this study, we have analysed the sexual transmission of the acquired genes by genetic crossing analysis of 2 of the transgenic petunias. The ploïdies of the two clones were determined by flow cytometric analysis showing that one was 2n and the other 4n. Self and back crosses show that the kanamycin character was inherited as a single dominant trait, and that the two clones were heterozygotes for this character. Therefore, the 4n clone probably arises from an endoploidization followed by a transformation event. Southern blot analyses show that all of the resistant progenies which were analysed harboured the kanamycin gene, and expressed the phosphorylation activity in vitro. The DNA of several progenies were also tested for the presence of co-transformed PEPC cDNA sequence. All of the kanamycin-resistant progenies tested contained the second coding sequence, indicating that the two foreign genes might be genetically co-inherited in the transgenic plants. The way in which the two genes are integrated into the genome is discussed.Abbreviations NPT
neomycin phosphotransferase
- PEG
polyethyleneglycol
- PEPC
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 相似文献
8.
9.
The role of acid phosphatases in plant phosphorus metabolism 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Hydrolysis of phosphate esters is a critical process in the energy metabolism and metabolic regulation of plant cells. This review summarizes the characteristics and putative roles of plant acid phosphatase (APase). Although immunologically closely related, plant APases display remarkable heterogeneity with regards to their kinetic and molecular properties, and subcellular location. The secreted APases of roots and cell cultures are relatively non-specific enzymes that appear to be important in the hydrolysis and mobilization of Pi from extracellular phosphomonoesters for plant nutrition. Intracellular APases are undoubtedly involved in the routine utilization of Pi reserves or other Pi -containing compounds. A special class of intracellular APase exists that demonstrate a clear-cut (but generally nonabsolute) substrate selectivity. These APases are hypothesized to have distinct metabolic functions and include: phytase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase, 3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase, and phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase. APase expression is regulated by a variety of developmental and environmental factors. Pi starvation induces de novo synthesis of extra- and intracellular APases in cell cultures as well as in whole plants. Recommendations are made to achieve uniformity in the analyses of the different APase isoforms normally encountered within and between different plant tissues. 相似文献
10.
Cloning,sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA encoding active phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of the C3 plant Solanum tuberosum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sabine Merkelbach Johanna Gehlen Martin Denecke Heinz-Josef Hirsch Fritz Kreuzaler 《Plant molecular biology》1993,23(4):881-888
A cDNA coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was isolated from a cDNA library from Solanum tuberosum and the sequence of the cDNA was determined. It was inserted into a bacterial expression vector and a PEPC-
Escherichia coli mutant could be complemented by the cDNA construct. A functional fusion protein could be synthesized in E. coli. The properties of this PEPC protein clearly resembled those of typical C3 plant enzymes. 相似文献